Matter of A-B-, 27 I&N Dec. 316 (A.G. 2018), Interim Decision #3929

Policy effect

The Attorney General issued a binding administrative precedent decision overruling Matter of A-R-C-G- and establishing stricter legal standards for asylum claims based on membership in a particular social group involving persecution by non-governmental actors, requiring applicants to demonstrate that the home government condoned the private actions or demonstrated a complete inability to protect victims.

Official source excerpt

Quoted verbatim from the official source below. Ellipses indicate omitted text.

Cite as 27 I&N Dec. 316 (A.G. 2018) Interim Decision #3929 Matter of A-B-, Respondent Decided by Attorney General June 11, 2018 U.S. Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General (1) Matter of A-R-C-G-, 26 I&N Dec. 338 (BIA 2014) is overruled. That decision was wrongly decided and should not have been issued as a precedential decision. (2) An applicant seeking to establish persecution on account of membership in a “particular social group” must demonstrate: (1) membership in a group, which is composed of members who share a common immutable characteristic, is defined with particularity, … and is socially distinct within the society in question; and (2) that membership in the group is a central reason for her persecution. When the alleged persecutor is someone unaffiliated with the government, the applicant must also show that her home government is unwilling or unable to protect her. (3) An asylum applicant has the burden of showing her eligibility for asylum. The applicant must present facts that establish each element of the standard, and the asylum officer, immigration judge, or the Board has the duty to determine whether those facts satisfy all of those elements. (4) If an … asylum application is fatally flawed in one respect, an immigration judge or the Board need not examine the remaining elements of the asylum claim. (5) The mere fact that a country may have problems effectively policing certain crimes or that certain populations are more likely to be victims of crime, cannot itself establish an asylum claim. (6) To be cognizable, a particular social group must exist independently of the harm asserted in an application for asylum. (7) An applicant seeking to establish persecution based on violent conduct of a private actor must show more than the government’s … difficulty controlling private behavior. The applicant must show that the government condoned the private actions or demonstrated an inability to protect the victims. (8) An applicant seeking asylum based on membership in a particular social group must clearly indicate on the record the exact delineation of any proposed particular social group. (9) The Board, immigration judges, and all asylum officers must consider, consistent with the regulations, whether internal relocation in the alien’s home country presents a reasonable alternative before granting asylum. 316 Cite as 27 I&N Dec. 316 (A.G … distinct group that exists independently of the alleged underlying harm, demonstrate that their persecutors harmed them on account of their membership in that group rather than for personal reasons, and establish that the government protection from such harm in their home country is so lacking that their persecutors’ actions can be attributed to the government. Because Matter of A-R-C-G-, 26 I&N Dec. 388 (BIA 2014), recognized a new particular social group without correctly applying these standards, I overrule that case and any other Board precedent to the extent those other decisions are inconsistent … membership in that group is a central reason for her persecution; and (3) that the alleged harm is inflicted by the government of her home country or by persons that the government is unwilling or unable to control. See M-E-V-G-, 26 I&N Dec. at 234–44; W-G-R-, 26 I&N Dec. at 209–18, 223–24 & n.8. Furthermore, when the applicant is the victim of private criminal activity, the analysis must also “consider whether government protection is available, internal relocation is possible, and persecution exists countrywide.” M-E-V- G-, 26 I&N Dec. at 243. Generally, claims by aliens pertaining to domestic violence or gang violence perpetrated by non-governmental actors will not qualify for asylum. 1 While I do not decide that violence inflicted by non-governmental actors may never serve as the basis for an asylum or withholding application based on membership in a particular social group, in practice such claims are unlikely to satisfy the statutory grounds for proving group persecution that the government is unable or unwilling to address. The mere fact that a country may have problems effectively policing certain crimes—such as domestic violence or gang violence—or that certain populations …

Review method

Two separate automated exact-claim source reviews

Other United States changes operative in 2018

• 2018-01-19Requirement to Articulate Particular Social Groups Before the Immigration Judge (Matter of W-Y-C- & H-O-B-)
• 2018-03-05Vacatur of Requirement for Full Evidentiary Hearings in Asylum Claims (Matter of E-F-H-L-)
• 2018-04-06Zero-Tolerance Policy for Southwest Border Offenses Under 8 U.S.C. § 1325(a)
• 2018-05-15Tenant-occupancy methodology withdrawn for EB-5 job forecasts
• 2018-05-17Matter of Castro-Tum: Restriction on General Administrative Closure Authority
• 2018-08-16Standards for Continuances to Pursue Collateral Relief in Removal Proceedings (Matter of L-A-B-R-)
• 2018-09-11Outright Denials Without Request for Evidence (RFE) or Notice of Intent to Deny (NOID) (PM-602-0163)
• 2018-09-18Limitation on Immigration Judges' Inherent Authority to Terminate or Dismiss Removal Proceedings (Matter of S-O-G- & F-D-B-)
• 2018-10-01Expanded Issuance of Notices to Appear (NTAs) for Denied Status-Impacting Applications
• 2018-10-04Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2019
• 2018-11-01Medical-report validity recalculated from the civil surgeon signature